{"id":20,"date":"2013-06-25T20:11:28","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T20:11:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/davidfreedman\/?page_id=20"},"modified":"2026-04-14T18:32:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T18:32:38","slug":"civil-procedure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/davidfreedman.ca\/?page_id=20","title":{"rendered":"Civil Procedure"},"content":{"rendered":"

As you know, litigation<\/em> is a formal process leading to the determination of one or more issues in dispute by a court. The rules which govern the procedures to be followed are sometimes particular to one statute or type of proceeding, but in most private law proceedings it is the general model of procedural law which governs. The general model of procedural law arises from a combination of sources of law – statute, regulation, equity, and the common law. Our study of the rules of civil procedure will be in relation to Ontario\u2019s main trial court, the Superior Court of Justice<\/a>, and the rules which govern civil proceedings in that court. Please note that the model of procedural law is quite extensive, and we will not attempt anything like a comprehensive treatment. By the end of the course you should know how to bring a simple matter to conclusion from the time the client steps in the door until the final appeal is determined.<\/p>\n

In addition to substantive doctrine, we will also consider how to practice law in this area competently. There are four reasons for inquiring into such matters. First, effective representation is essential to ensure access to justice. Successful litigation practice requires an understanding of the substantive law at issue, procedures for bringing the matter into court, the law of evidence, techniques of advocacy, common sense, and all the intangible skills that are required to play a very elaborate and expensive game (at someone else\u2019s expense). Second, some of the doctrines that are part of procedural law have significance even for those in a solicitor\u2019s or transactional practice (for example, legal professional privilege and the law of limitations). Third, there is self-interest. Litigation retainers produce the second most common area for claims against lawyers for professional negligence according to the latest annual report of LawPro<\/a>. Many of these claims can be avoided through proper management of litigation files and a recognition that some issues require active management. Last, putting our studies in a practical context will assist you in dealing with the admission exams that you must pass in ordered to become licensed by the Law Society of Ontario.<\/p>\n

Classes: <\/em><\/strong>Monday & Wednesday, 11:30am-1:00pm, Dunning 11<\/p>\n

What materials are required for this course? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Primary Materials: <\/em><\/strong>there is no casebook to purchase. On the final examination, I will assume that you have access to the materials assigned whether in digital form or in hardcopy (the choice is yours). The following statutes and regulations will be referred to commonly as we make our way through the materials:<\/p>\n

The Courts of Justice Act<\/a><\/p>\n

Rules of Civil Procedure<\/a><\/p>\n

The Limitations Act 2002<\/a><\/p>\n

Secondary Materials:<\/em><\/strong> if you wish, you may purchase a textbook for reference, but you are not required to do so. The best of the lot for our purposes is Morden & Perell, The Law of Civil Procedure in Ontario<\/em>, 5th<\/sup> Edition<\/a> ($145 to purchase the student edition; online for free via Lexis Advance Quicklaw<\/a>). There is also an online reference work available through CanLII,\u00a0Civil Procedure and Practice in Ontario, 2nd Edition<\/em><\/a>. <\/em>There are many other reference works available to you in the library and online<\/a> at no charge.<\/p>\n

How to approach the reading?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

I\u2019m not particularly fond of the casebooks that are available (and they are very expensive) and would prefer to assign case reports. Many of the cases assigned deal exclusively with a procedural point and are short; others are trial or appeal decisions that deal with many issues, only some of which are procedural. For those longer and more involved judgments, please just stick to the relevant procedural law (and usually the underlying facts are not all that important). In the lecture notes that I will post (either shortly before or after classes), I will often set out some of the relevant passages in a given case; that said, please don\u2019t rely on my lecture notes as a substitute for reading the assigned materials.<\/p>\n

Will lectures be recorded?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

No<\/u><\/strong>, but I will post lecture notes for all substantive classes.<\/p>\n

If you become ill or experience some extenuating circumstance, please contact me and I would be pleased to meet with you to discuss the materials<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Assessment:<\/em><\/strong> 100% three-hour open-book final examination.<\/p>\n

\n

A Word of Warning:<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>The Rules of Civil Procedure are about to undergo some major changes.<\/p>\n

As set out on its web pages<\/a>, the Civil Rules Review (CRR) was launched in January 2024 \u201cto conduct a comprehensive and complete review of the Rules and identify, through consultation, areas where targeted changes to the Rules would increase efficiency and access to justice for Ontarians, reduce complexity and costs, maximize the effective use of court resources, reduce delay, and leverage technical solutions.\u201d The review is in three stages with the second stage just having been completed. The next stage deals with bringing the proposals into final form (a decision for the Minister) and then implementation.<\/p>\n

The Working Group submitted its Final Report<\/a> to the Attorney General and Chief Justice of Ontario at the end of October and it was posted online on December 19, 2025. This was the completion of the second stage of the review process. The proposed changes will necessitate an overhaul of the present Rules, and it is expected that the revised Rules will be released mid-2026 (or later) with a view to implementation by January 1, 2027. The main changes are in respect of Discovery, which will largely be eliminated, and mandatory document exchange at the commencement of most proceedings – but there will be changes to a number of other areas as well and a fair amount of fine-tuning the existing model (if approved).<\/p>\n

Once there is greater clarity, the readings may be revised to suit. On the whole, we will stick to basic considerations that are present in the existing law and will remain in existence in the proposed reforms for the purposes of assessment.<\/p>\n

\n

TOPICS & READING LIST \u2013 WINTER TERM 2026<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

(subject to change)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Please note that we may pause our progress through the materials from time to time to discuss problems questions.<\/em><\/p>\n

January 5, 2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

No reading.<\/p>\n

Overview and the Civil Rules Review<\/em> process.<\/p>\n

\n

January 7, 2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

I.INTRODUCTION<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 What options exist to resolve private disputes?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDispute Resolution Reference Guide\u201d<\/a> in Canada’s System of Justice<\/em> (Department of Justice, 2006)<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 What are the Rules of Civil Procedure?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rules 1.04(1), 1.04(1.1)<\/a><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 What are \u201cproceedings\u201d under the Rules of Civil Procedure?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rules 14.02<\/a>, 14.05<\/a><\/p>\n

Flowcharts summarizing the processes under the Rules of Civil Procedure<\/a><\/p>\n

What’s Coming<\/a><\/p>\n

4,\u00a0 What role do lawyers play in litigation?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Law Society of Upper Canada, Rules of Professional Conduct<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 1 (Intro)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

January 12-14, 2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

II.\u00a0 WHO PAYS FOR THE LITIGATION?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Fees and Assessments<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assessments<\/a><\/p>\n

LSO, \u201cComplaints about legal fees\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 “The Costs Rules”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Courts of Justice Act, Section 131<\/a><\/p>\n

Rules\u00a0 49<\/a>,<\/a> 57.01<\/a><\/p>\n

Law Society of Ontario Sample Long Form Litigation Cost Estimate<\/a> (for explaining anticipated litigation fees to clients in a given matter)<\/p>\n

Sample Costs Submissions & Bill of Costs<\/a><\/p>\n

Barl<\/a>o<\/a>w<\/a> v<\/a> Citadel<\/a> General<\/a> Assurance<\/a> C<\/a>o<\/a>.<\/a>, <\/a>2008 CanLII<\/a> 3215 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Davies<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> Claringt<\/a>o<\/a>n<\/a> (Municipality<\/a>)<\/a>, <\/a>2009 ONCA 722<\/a> (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

How to predict costs<\/a><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Champerty, Maintenance, and Some Associated Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n

McIntyre Estate v. Ontario (Attorney General), 2002 CanLII 45046 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Pettey v. Avis Car Inc., 1993 CanLII 939 (Ont. Gen. Div.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 2 (Fees, Costs, Torts)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

January 19, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

III.\u00a0 PARTICIPATION IN THE LITIGATION: PARTIES, STANDING, AND INTERVENORS<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Participation as of Right: Standing<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carroll v. Toronto-Dominion Bank, 2021 ONCA 38 at paras. 30-43 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 <\/strong>Participation by a Party under a \u201cDisability\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 3.2-9<\/a><\/p>\n

Rules 1.03(1) (\u201cdisability\u201d)<\/a> and 7<\/a><\/p>\n

Gronnerud (Litigation Guardians of) v. Gronnerud Estate, 2002 SCC 38 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lochner v Callanan, 2016 ONSC 1705 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Participation with Leave of the Court: Intervenors<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 13<\/a><\/p>\n

Halpern<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> T<\/a>o<\/a>r<\/a>o<\/a>nt<\/a>o (<\/a>City<\/a>) <\/a>Clerk<\/a>,<\/a> 2000 CanLII 29029<\/a> (Ont. Div. Ct.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Gligorevic v. McMaster, 2010 ONSC 3842 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 3 (Participation) [corrected]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

January 21-26, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

IV.\u00a0 LIMITATIONS: TIME LIMITS ON COMMENCING PROCEEDINGS<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Limitations Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 24<\/a><\/p>\n

M.(K.) v. M.(H.), [1992] 3 SCR 6 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

McConnell v. Huxtable, 2014 ONCA 86 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Collins v. Cortez, 2014 ONCA 685 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Brown v. Baum, 2016 ONCA 325 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Independence Plaza 1 Associates, L.L.C. v. Figliolini, 2017 ONCA 44 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

In your reading, pay attention to how a limitation period runs, how some grounds for recovery are not subject of any limitations, and identify the doctrines of discoverability<\/em> and fraudulent concealment<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 4 (Limitations)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

January 28, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

V.\u00a0 JURISDICTION<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Background \/ reference reading (not required):<\/em> Angela Swan, \u201cFreedom from the Conflict of Laws Is in Your Grasp\u201d (2020), 51 Advoc. Q. 21<\/a><\/p>\n

_<\/p>\n

CJA, Section 11(2)<\/a><\/p>\n

Club Resorts Ltd. v. Van Breda, 2012 SCC 17 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lapointe Rosenstein Marchand Melan\u00e7on LLP v. Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP, 2016 SCC 30 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Vale Canada Limited v. Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Company of Canada, 2022 ONCA 862 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Kalra v. Bhatia, 2024 ONSC 3565 (S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 5 (Jurisdiction)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

February 2, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

V.\u00a0 PREVENTING RELITIGATION OF ISSUES AND CAUSES: RES JUDICATA<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Background \/ reference reading (not required):<\/em> Paul M. Perell, <\/a>\u201cRes Judicata and Abuse of<\/a> Process\u201d<\/a> (2001), 24 Advocates\u2019 Quarterly <\/a>189.<\/p>\n

\u2014<\/p>\n

Danyluk<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> Ainsw<\/a>o<\/a>rth<\/a> Techn<\/a>o<\/a>l<\/a>o<\/a>gies<\/a> Inc<\/a>., <\/a>2001 SCC 44 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

T<\/a>o<\/a>r<\/a>o<\/a>nt<\/a>o (<\/a>City<\/a>) <\/a>v<\/a>.<\/a> C<\/a>.<\/a>U<\/a>.<\/a>P<\/a>.<\/a>E<\/a>.,<\/a> Local 79, <\/a>2003 SCC 63<\/a> (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Penner v. Niagara (Regional Police Services Board), 2013 SCC 19 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 6 (Res Judicata)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

February 4 & 11, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

VI.\u00a0 PLEADINGS<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Terminology<\/strong><\/p>\n

See Rules 25-29<\/a><\/p>\n

Proceeding<\/em><\/p>\n

Originating Process<\/em><\/p>\n

Action<\/em><\/p>\n

Application<\/em><\/p>\n

Claim<\/em><\/p>\n

Counterclaim<\/em><\/p>\n

Crossclaim<\/em><\/p>\n

Third Party Claim<\/em><\/p>\n

Defence<\/em><\/p>\n

Reply<\/em><\/p>\n

Issued<\/em><\/p>\n

Served<\/em><\/p>\n

Filed<\/em><\/p>\n

Deliver<\/em><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Rule 25 Concepts: Material Facts and Particulars<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 25<\/a><\/p>\n

C<\/a>o<\/a>pland<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> C<\/a>o<\/a>mm<\/a>o<\/a>d<\/a>o<\/a>re<\/a> Business<\/a> Machines<\/a> Ltd<\/a>.<\/a>, <\/a>1985<\/a> CanLII 2190 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Substantive Inadequacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 21<\/a>,<\/a> 25.11<\/a><\/p>\n

Hunt v. Carey Canada Inc., [1990] 2 SCR 959 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Holland v. Saskatchewan (Minister of Agriculture, Food & Rural Revitalization), 2008 SCC 42 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 Amending the Pleadings<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 26<\/a><\/p>\n

Miguna v<\/a>.<\/a> Ontari<\/a>o <\/a>(Att<\/a>o<\/a>rney<\/a> General<\/a>)<\/a>, <\/a>2005 CanLII<\/a> 46385 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Stekel v. Toyota Canada Inc., 2011 ONSC 6507 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0 Service and Computation of Time<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rules 3<\/a>,<\/u> 16-18<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 7 (Pleadings I)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 8 (Pleadings II)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

February 23 & 25, 2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

VII.\u00a0 DISCOVERY AND PRE-TRIAL EVIDENCE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Rules 29.1-35<\/a><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Privilege<\/strong><\/p>\n

Airst v. Airst, 1998 CanLII 14647 (Ont. Sup. Ct.)<\/a><\/p>\n

General<\/a> Accident<\/a> Assurance<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> Chrusz<\/a>, <\/a>1999 CanLII 7320 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Pritchard v. Ontario (Human Rights Commission), 2004 SCC 31 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Blank v. Canada (Minister of Justice), 2006 SCC 39 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

White v. 123627 Canada Inc., 2014 ONSC 2682 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Documentary Discovery<\/strong><\/p>\n

Warman v. Wilkins-Fournier, 2011 ONSC 3023 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Frangione v. Vandongen, 2010 ONSC 2823 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Examination for Discovery<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ontario v. Rothmans Inc., 2011 ONSC 2504 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Noble v. York University Foundation, 2010 ONSC 399<\/a><\/p>\n

Ornstein<\/a> (Litigati<\/a>o<\/a>n<\/a> Guardian<\/a> o<\/a>f<\/a>) <\/a>v<\/a>.<\/a> Starr<\/a>, <\/a>2011 ONSC<\/a> 4220<\/a><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 Discovery of Non-Parties<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ontario (Attorney General) v. Ballard Estate, 1995 CanLII 3509 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Hopkins v. Robert Green Equipment Sales Ltd., 2018 ONSC 998 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0 \u201cDeemed Undertaking\u201d Rule<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitchenham v. AXA Ins. Canada, 2008 ONCA 877 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Martin v Toronto Police Services Board, 2023 ONSC 6191 (S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0 Medical Examination<\/strong><\/p>\n

Courts of Justice Act, Section 105(2)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lovegrove v Rosenthal (1997), 16 C.P.C. (4th) 160; [1997] O.J. No. 5408 (Ont. Gen. Div.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 9 (Discovery)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

March 2, 2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Problem Questions<\/p>\n

Civil Procedure – Problem Questions I<\/a><\/p>\n

Civil Procedure – Problem Questions II<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

March 4, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

No Class<\/p>\n

\n

March 9, 2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

VIII.\u00a0 MOTIONS AND INJUNCTIONS<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Simple Motions<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rules 37<\/a> and 39<\/a><\/p>\n

(a) Joinder and Consolidation<\/strong><\/p>\n

1014864<\/a> Ontari<\/a>o <\/a>Ltd<\/a>.<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> 1721789<\/a> Ontari<\/a>o <\/a>Inc<\/a>.<\/a>, 2010 ONSC 3306 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Tanner v. McIlveen Estate, 2012 ONSC 2983 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Buhlman<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> Pe<\/a>o<\/a>ples<\/a> Ministries<\/a> Inc<\/a>.,<\/a> 2009 CanLII 26918 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Soilmec North America Inc. v. D\u2019Elia, 2011 ONSC 5214 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

(b) Determining a Point of Law<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gowling Lafleur Henderson v. Springer, 2013 ONSC 923 (Ont. S.C.J.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 10 (Motions I)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

March 11, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Interlocutory Injunctive Relief<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 40<\/a><\/p>\n

RJR MacDonald Inc. v. Canada (Attorney General), 1994\u00a0CanLII\u00a0117\u00a0(S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

(a) Anton Piller<\/em> Orders\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Celanese Canada Inc. v. Murray Demolition Corp., 2006 SCC 36 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

(b) Norwich Pharmacal<\/em> Orders<\/strong><\/p>\n

GEA Group AG v. Flex-N-Gate Corporation, 2009 ONCA 619 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

(c) Mareva<\/em> Injunctions<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chitel v. Rothbart, 1982 CanLII 1956 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 11 (Motions II)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

March 16, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

IX.\u00a0 DISPOSITION WITHOUT TRIAL<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 Vexatious Litigants<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 2.1.01<\/a><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 Default Judgment<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 19<\/a><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 Anti-SLAPP<\/strong><\/p>\n

CJA, s. 137.1<\/a><\/p>\n

40 Days for Life v. Dietrich, 2024 ONCA 599 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 Summary Judgment<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rule 20<\/a><\/p>\n

Hryniak<\/a> v<\/a>.<\/a> Mauldin<\/a>, 2014 SCC 7 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Maurice v. Alles, 2016 ONCA 287 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Butera v. Chown, Cairns LLP,\u00a0 2017 ONCA 783 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Moffitt v. TD Canada Trust,\u00a0 2023 ONCA 349 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 12 (Motions III)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

March 18, 2026<\/em><\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

X.\u00a0 APPEAL<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

CJA, Sections\u00a0132-134<\/a><\/p>\n

Housen v. Nikolaisen, 2002 SCC 33 (S.C.C.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Capital Gains Income Streams Corporation v. Merrill Lynch Canada Inc., 2007 ONCA 497 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lazare v. Harvey, 2008 ONCA 171 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Gligorevic v. McMaster, 2012 ONCA 115 (Ont. C.A.)<\/a><\/p>\n

Lecture Notes No. 13 (Appeals)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

March 23, 2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Review<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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